Sometimes, a slot canyon can be less than a meter (3 feet) wide, but hundreds of meters deep. When this process happens in soft rock, such as sandstone, it can lead to the development of slot canyons. As more rocks crumble and fall, the canyon grows wider at the top than at the bottom. During brief, heavy rains, water rushes down the cracks, eroding even more rocks and stone. Ice forces the cracks to become larger and larger, eroding bits of stone in the process. As water freezes, it expands and turns into ice. In winter, water seeps into cracks in the rock. Weathering and Erosion Weathering and erosion also contribute to the formation of canyons. Yarlung Zangbo Canyon is also one of the world’s longest canyons, at about 500 kilometers (310 miles). This canyon is the deepest in the world-at some points extending more than 5,300 meters (17,490 feet) from top to bottom. The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon in Tibet, a region of southwestern China, was formed over millions of years by the Yarlung Zangbo River. They are entrenched because, unlike rivers in wide, flat flood plains, they do not meander and change their course. Rivers that lie at the bottom of deep canyons are known as entrenched rivers. Sediments from the river bed are carried downstream, creating a deep, narrow channel. The water pressure of a river can cut deep into a river bed. River Canyons The most familiar type of canyon is probably the river canyon. The movement of rivers, the processes of weathering and erosion, and tectonic activity create canyons. “Canyon” comes from the Spanish word cañon, which means “tube” or “pipe.” The term “ gorge” is often used to mean “canyon,” but a gorge is almost always steeper and narrower than a canyon. A canyon is a deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
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